What must a notary ensure before proceeding with a notarization?

Before proceeding with a notarization, a notary must ensure that the signer appears voluntarily and understands the document they are signing. This requirement is fundamental to the process of notarization, as it upholds the principle of informed consent. The notary's role includes confirming that the signer is entering into the transaction willingly, without any coercion or undue influence, and that they comprehend the contents and implications of the document.

Ensuring that the signer understands the document protects against potential fraud and misrepresentation, as the purpose of notarization is not only to verify identity but also to confirm that the signer has made an informed decision regarding the transaction. This understanding is a key aspect of the notary’s responsibilities, creating a trustworthy and credible notarization process.

The other options, while they may touch on relevant aspects of notarization, do not encompass the core responsibility of the notary in regard to consent and understanding. For instance, the legality of the document, the signer's residency, or the presence of witnesses may vary based on specific circumstances or state laws, but the notary's primary duty revolves around confirming that the signer is willingly partaking and fully aware of what they are signing.